Kumari Kandam – The Land Not Lost Yet
Sourav Sen & Arpita Chatterjee
February 2020
New Delhi
The Calf Path
By Sam Foss
One day, through the primeval wood,
A calf walked home, as good calves should;
But made a trail all bent askew,
A crooked trail as all calves do.
Since then two hundred years have fled,
And, I infer, the calf is dead.
But still he left behind his trail,
And thereby hangs my moral tale.
The trail was taken up next day
By a lone dog that passed that way;
And then a wise bell-wether sheep
Pursued the trail o’er vale and steep,
And drew the flock behind him, too,
As good bell-wethers always do.
And from that day, o’er hill and glade,
Through those old woods a path was made;
And many men wound in and out,
And dodged, and turned, and bent about
And uttered words of righteous wrath
Because ‘twas such a crooked path.
But still they followed -- do not laugh --
The first migrations of that calf,
And through this winding wood-way stalked,
Because he wobbled when he walked.
This forest path became a lane,
That bent, and turned, and turned again;
This crooked lane became a road,
Where many a poor horse with his load
Toiled on beneath the burning sun,
And traveled some three miles in one.
And thus a century and a half
They trod the footsteps of that calf.
The years passed on in swiftness fleet,
The road became a village street,
And this, before men were aware,
A city’s crowded thoroughfare;
And soon the central street was this
Of a renowned metropolis;
And men two centuries and a half
Trod in the footsteps of that calf.
Each day a hundred thousand rout
Followed the zigzag calf about;
And o’er his crooked journey went
The traffic of a continent.
A hundred thousand men were led
By one calf near three centuries dead.
They followed still his crooked way,
And lost one hundred years a day;
For thus such reverence is lent
To well-established precedent.
A moral lesson this might teach,
Were I ordained and called to preach;
For men are prone to go it blind
Along the calf-paths of the mind,
And work away from sun to sun
To do what other men have done.
They follow in the beaten track,
And out and in, and forth and back,
And still their devious course pursue,
To keep the path that others do.
But how the wise old wood-gods laugh,
Who saw the first primeval calf!
Ah! many things this tale might teach --
But I am not ordained to preach.
Kumari Kandam – The Land Not Lost Yet
Over a long period of time observations turn into information, which further turn into pattern, which further turn into process and then a theory arrives. In the whole chain at every stage of transformation an element is added unknowingly. The element is ‘Assumption’. We often get arrested into these assumptions to an extent that we stop accepting what we see and what people have written by seeing or experiencing over a period of time. Assumptions are not lies but over a period of time people tend to ignore the proportion and start referring to assumption as observation.
In the present, we know how to date things, however we totally overlook the fact that the face of earth has been continuously changing. Consolidation and fragmentation of the lands of earth is a continuous process. Kumari Kandam not necessarily have to be found under the ocean in order to prove its erstwhile existence. Kumari Kandam could also have travelled from where it was while entering into its mentions in scholarly works of the past. Two things which people on both sides of the debate have ignored is firstly, the continuous geographical shifts of the land masses, hence the location; and secondly, the depiction of the size of Kumari Kandam , while the unit of measurement mentioned there has not yet been deciphered yet (Kavatam). Therefore, they arrived on to an irrational map which was unacceptable to the critics.
Let’s consider the possibility of present day India partially being Kumari Kandam.
Skand Puran : Andakosappadalam section:
“There are many worlds, each having several continents, which in turn, have several kingdoms. Paratan, the ruler of one such kingdom, had eight sons and one daughter. He further divided his kingdom into nine parts, and the part ruled by his daughter Kumari came to be known as Kumari Kandam after her. Kumari Kandam is described as the kingdom of the Earth.”
Irayaiyanar Akapporul: Nakkeerar Commentary
The earliest discussion found about Katalkol – Seizure by Ocean
Silappatikaram: Adiyarkunnallar
The lost land mainly consisted of Pandyan Kingdom extended from Pahruli River in the North to Kumari River in the south. It was located to the south of Kanyakumari and covered an area of 700 Kavatam (A unit of measurement, not deciphered), Divide into 49 Natu, further classified into seven parts:
elu tenku natu (seven coconut lands), elu maturai natu (seven mango lands), elu munpalai natu (seven front sandy lands), elu pinpalai natu (seven back sandy lands), elu kunra natu (seven hilly lands), elu kunakarai natu (seven front coastal lands), elu kurumpanai natu (seven dwarf-palm lands)
The first sangam flourished for 4,400 years in a city called Tenmaturai, attended by 549 poets (including Agastya) and presided over by gods like Shiva, Kubera and Murugan. The second sangam lasted for 3,700 years in a city called Kapatapuram, attended by 59 poets (including Agastya, again). The commentary states that both the cities were “seized by the ocean”, resulting in loss of all the works created during the first two sangams. The third sangam was established in Uttara (North) Madurai, where it is said to have lasted for 1,850 years. The Pandyan capital of Kapatapuram finds mention in the Ramayana and Chanakya’s Arthasastra (ca 4th century BCE).
Everything written could be a poet’s impression, but the measurements. Why? Because we do not yet know what was Kavatam. Poets would have used a known metric.
Many years ago, Greater India broke away along with Australia, Antartic from South of Africa and South America. They travelled to where they are today.
Flora Fauna testifies for the same. Very obvious as they come from same place and have evolved separately over the following years with respect to their locations. How is it possible that Languages and Recipes also testify the same?
Greater India hit what would have been a region south west to today’s Tibet, and formed the Himalayas. The Indian Plate went below the European plate. Himalayas are fold-mountains. The upper plate stretched like bed sheet till some 500- 1000 miles further south to Himalayas, Which could be either the gangetic plain or a virtual line dividing present day India – passing through Upper Gujarat, Upper MP, till Mid of Bengal. Assam width of Himalayas is the narrowest and North Width is the broadest, hence the stretch of the after sheet.
The ancient differences between the characteristics of people from both the plates show up as a distant derivative even today.
One scenario could have been that people from the northern part of Greater India migrated to south due to the formation of Himalayas. This could be the root of the South Indian current narrative of the migrating to south (this narrative is otherwise used to testify Aryan Invasion Theory).
Other Scenario could be People from the region which formed Himalayas on both plates moved south and mixed to form present day India. The density distribution of both the races distributed in the proportions as viewed today.
Kumari Kandam is well described by more than 500 poets including 'Agastya'. In various times. One plausible conclusion could be that the most important basis should be the fact that India, Australia and Atlantic broke away from South America and South of Africa at one time. Greater India travelled all the way to central Asia and hit south of what is today Tibet to form the Himalayas. So either Kumari Kandam should be Africa or Present day India itself. The north of the greater India might be under the Himalayas.
Could Agastyas journey south be attributed to India's observation over centuries from the base locus of the journey form south of Africa to Tibet.
Vindya now at a much later stage is declining. But there was a time when it was growing and another time when it grew to its fullest. Then started declining. Could this have happened that the Agastya Vindya story was of such time, and it referred to newly formed Himalayas as Meru, the story says gods knew about Himalayas but Vindya had not till then heard. Can this be attributed to the newness of formation of Himalayas, some knew about it some didn’t. Himalaya replaced Vindya as the Meru (the third Pole)
Agastya in Rigved itself goes to 2Lac years.
Before Himalayas, Vindyas were the tallest mountains. Many astronomical observations are recorded with respect to Vindyas. Incidentally Vindya is also fold mountain and another history could be attribute to this range which could be millions of years before the Himalayas.
Today, Himalayas are called the The Third Pole. Why? Because of the enormous snow it contains? Yes and also because it provides water. Why are the North and South Poles called Poles? Because they are either reference points or frame of references for directions and coordinates in the sky.
Incidentally the mention of lesser known yet huge Meru in the Vindya Agustya does not clarify what does it refer to as Meru.
“Meru” means people of Kenya ( In Bantu Languages)
“Meeru” means Respected, Exceed, Infringe, Overpass in Telegu
Is it possible that these stories are narratives of a long span of period when Himalayas replaced the Vindyas as the most respected?
Mandar Parvat, centric which Samudra manthan was done in order to extract Amrit, has been located in Jamalpur Bhagalpur belt in Bihar.
Mandara Mountains in Central Africa – Cameroon, were formed millions of years ago when a continental plate of basement rock deep beneath the African continent rose up, fragmenting and splitting as it was pushed to the surface. The climate was significantly wetter in those times, so enormous amounts of precipitation formed numerous rivers that rushed through these fractures, carving them deeper and wider, resulting in the range's notably rugged terrain. Volcanic activity also played a role in the formation of the range. Eruptions of lava formed volcanic cones whose vents were eventually plugged with hardening magma. These hardened cores are called volcanic plugs. In the case of the Mandara Mountains, the plugs were much more erosion-resistant than the exterior of the cones, which wore away over time. Eventually, only the plugs remained, forming the stark, needle-like spires such as Kapsiki Peak that the range is known for.
Dravidian Languages Map: Dravidian Languages composite of North DL, Central DL, South Central DL and South DL. The people who speak these languages are spread across the Present day Indian Sub-continent. They range from Baluchistan to Bengal. Does this map depict the part of greater India left after the formation of Himalayas? To be noted is except the major south Indian languages like Tamil, Telegu, Kannada and Malyalam, rest of the languages are now languages spoken by small ethnic groups which can also be called tribes or Adivaasis. There are more 60 such languages currently being spoken across Baluchistan, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Lower MP, Andhra, Maharashtra and whole of south India. Is it possible that the good Old Harrappa and mohenjodaro were the lost part of this Greater India which went under the Europian/Asian stretched sheet during the formation of Himalayas? The 2005-06 excavation headed by D. V. Sharma, ASI found more than a hundred burials (no coffins) and later studies, associated the finding with the Harappan (Indus) civilisation.
Species Trends as defined by modern science: The observed species diversity is affected not only by the number of individuals but also by the heterogeneity of the sample. If individuals are drawn from different environmental conditions (or different habitats), the species diversity of the resulting set can be expected to be higher than if all individuals are drawn from a similar environment. Increasing the area sampled increases observed species diversity both because more individuals get included in the sample and because large areas are environmentally more heterogeneous than small areas.
In the following figure, except the regions extremely affected by polar winds, the tropical zone mangroves study tells a story.
The age of Man: The age of man is said to be a number of years calculated back from the present. People would criticize any theory about any human experience that exceeds that timeline. Modern science would take you to a timeline of the last found human skull. The Jains would take to a few hundred thousand years basis their scriptures. Possibly, other people from otherwise extinct cultures would have taken you to further backwards, had they been alive. There are few points ignored in this way of thinking. Why do we have to refer to latest studies, when we know that every latest study was improvised by the next finding or researcher?
Narmada Man appeared and suddenly expanded the then accepted timeline. Is it possible that there are no more such skulls left across the lands and sea beds to be discovered? If they are not discovered, yet exit, will your timeline hold value?
It takes approx. 300 Mn years to form Bituminous Coal, takes 1 to 3 Bn years to form Diamonds. Diamond may or may not have been coals at some point of time. Point to be noted are both are Pure Carbon under tremendous pressure for longer periods of time. Yet they look so different after 3 Bn years.
General Assumptions: Human's presence on earth is dated by the (a) dating methods based on elements and their characteristics as discovered by men (b) the remains found till now - remains which seem to be of human
Both (a) and (b) could be wrong or incomplete. Also in (b) one has to understand that there might be remains of human which does not seem to be human remains to man yet. So we have to understand that the Narmada man's skull was identified as skull. Here (c) Other skulls which might be older yet not discovered (d) What about the remains which are discovered or visible yet not identified as a human skull or remain - because of the long period lapsed and it transforming into some other totally unidentifiable (with man) element.
What confines the dating years is the limited identification of Human Remains.
One study proposed various movements of earth which caused seasons. Another Study suggests that these movements may be caused by external factors. Many such external factors are unknown.
Example: We know it takes approx. 41000 years for one cycle of Earth’s axial tilt change. What causes this change might be only partially known to man. Also the total time taken by the cycle is not uniformly divided. Which means the time taken by Earth to change its tilt from 22.1 degrees to 24.5 degrees may or may not be equal to the time taken to come back from 24.5 degrees to 22.1 degrees tilt. Hence, at some period it will be a faster more erratic shift, whereas at times it would be a smooth rolling. The effect of the cycle of change of tilt is cycles of say ice ages, warming and floods on earth. However, the effect of the ununiformed motion in the cycle could be seen in unequal timelines from one ice age to the other and further to another. This has two takeaways
One: There are holes in almost all numbers by which we tried to confine a phenomena. Another practical example could be calendars. No matter how many times man tried to perfect it, it still has holes. The reason is although every phenomena is a cycle, the way it appears could be a subset of the bigger cycle, so every larger cycle is a series of spiralling smaller unequal cycles. Hence, it is not possible or wise to attribute numbers to phenomena.
Two: Several times before this, there have been similar geographical situations on earth. Why would humans have not been there?
This takes us to another interesting observation called: Lazarus Taxon
In palaeontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural taxa) is a taxon that disappears for one or more periods from the fossil record, only to appear again later. Likewise in conservation biology and ecology, it can refer to species or populations that were thought to be extinct, and are rediscovered. One scholar wrote that At times of biotic crisis many taxa go extinct, but others only temporarily disappeared from the fossil record, often for intervals measured in millions of years, before reappearing unchanged.
Potential Explanation: After mass extinctions, such as the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the Lazarus effect occurred for many taxa. However, there appears to be no link with the abundance of fossiliferous sites and the proportion of Lazarus taxa, and no missing taxa have been found in potential refuges. Therefore, reappearance of Lazarus taxa probably reflects the rebound after a period of extreme rarity during the aftermath of such extinctions.
One of the major reasons for the proposition of Kumari Kandam being rejected is the absurd maps proposed connecting Australia, India and Horn of Africa. Or the maps of supposedly Sundaland.
It could have been Africa, however there is a huge gap between Africa and in South India (in terms of scholarly work left behind)
There certainly was a loss of land which might have been perpetual or gradual over the period of the long voyage from South of Africa to where India is today. The suddenness that appears in the description of seizure by ocean might be describing something like tsunami which separated them from African mainland. Over many versions there might have been an overall grossness covering the actual observations.
We have to first believe that over 500 poets or scholars across centuries did not actually repeat the same mythical song. There was truth to in it like there is truth in Mahabharat and Ramayan. It could have happened that during the separation from Africa, it was wrote for the first time. Following that they kept attached or close to Australia and then separated. Scholars kept researching and writing all the while. People who came and added in future may been assured by the separation that recently happened. Even today we are on the verge of losing Chennai. Africa is on the verge of losing the horn area. Separation of lands may result in the separated land becoming invisible because of drifting away. It could have happened repeatedly. Every time may me the natives moved northwards from where they were, brought their lifestyle, food, folktales with them. What we inherit today might be a completely different face of the same truth, hence physical identification might not be the right path.
This topic deserves our attention. For if it is true, then South Indians are the oldest kept secret scholars of the present world. Surya Siddhanta is a work of a long time which might have seen a significant part of a greater astronomical cycle if not the full cycle. Unless it was revealed by God, one has to expand the currently accepted human timelines. Surya Siddhanta is not a work of fiction, it is book of observation.
All the points mentioned above are either our observations or questions that arose out of those observations. We do not conclude it here with a statement. We keep it open. However, it should be explored without bias. Anything that confines the mind into brackets of time or process is not science. Science is open armed possibility of not being able to ascertain anything yet observe everything. We would want generations to consider the arguments of both sides. You never know you might be rejecting your ancestors while rejecting an old book of folktales. The major objective of thinking should be seeking the truth, not just rejecting the false. If scholars who rejected this idea had themselves tried finding the truth simultaneously, we would have found more.
END OF DOCUMENT
Sourav Sen & Arpita Chatterjee
February 2020
New Delhi
The Calf Path
By Sam Foss
One day, through the primeval wood,
A calf walked home, as good calves should;
But made a trail all bent askew,
A crooked trail as all calves do.
Since then two hundred years have fled,
And, I infer, the calf is dead.
But still he left behind his trail,
And thereby hangs my moral tale.
The trail was taken up next day
By a lone dog that passed that way;
And then a wise bell-wether sheep
Pursued the trail o’er vale and steep,
And drew the flock behind him, too,
As good bell-wethers always do.
And from that day, o’er hill and glade,
Through those old woods a path was made;
And many men wound in and out,
And dodged, and turned, and bent about
And uttered words of righteous wrath
Because ‘twas such a crooked path.
But still they followed -- do not laugh --
The first migrations of that calf,
And through this winding wood-way stalked,
Because he wobbled when he walked.
This forest path became a lane,
That bent, and turned, and turned again;
This crooked lane became a road,
Where many a poor horse with his load
Toiled on beneath the burning sun,
And traveled some three miles in one.
And thus a century and a half
They trod the footsteps of that calf.
The years passed on in swiftness fleet,
The road became a village street,
And this, before men were aware,
A city’s crowded thoroughfare;
And soon the central street was this
Of a renowned metropolis;
And men two centuries and a half
Trod in the footsteps of that calf.
Each day a hundred thousand rout
Followed the zigzag calf about;
And o’er his crooked journey went
The traffic of a continent.
A hundred thousand men were led
By one calf near three centuries dead.
They followed still his crooked way,
And lost one hundred years a day;
For thus such reverence is lent
To well-established precedent.
A moral lesson this might teach,
Were I ordained and called to preach;
For men are prone to go it blind
Along the calf-paths of the mind,
And work away from sun to sun
To do what other men have done.
They follow in the beaten track,
And out and in, and forth and back,
And still their devious course pursue,
To keep the path that others do.
But how the wise old wood-gods laugh,
Who saw the first primeval calf!
Ah! many things this tale might teach --
But I am not ordained to preach.
Kumari Kandam – The Land Not Lost Yet
Over a long period of time observations turn into information, which further turn into pattern, which further turn into process and then a theory arrives. In the whole chain at every stage of transformation an element is added unknowingly. The element is ‘Assumption’. We often get arrested into these assumptions to an extent that we stop accepting what we see and what people have written by seeing or experiencing over a period of time. Assumptions are not lies but over a period of time people tend to ignore the proportion and start referring to assumption as observation.
In the present, we know how to date things, however we totally overlook the fact that the face of earth has been continuously changing. Consolidation and fragmentation of the lands of earth is a continuous process. Kumari Kandam not necessarily have to be found under the ocean in order to prove its erstwhile existence. Kumari Kandam could also have travelled from where it was while entering into its mentions in scholarly works of the past. Two things which people on both sides of the debate have ignored is firstly, the continuous geographical shifts of the land masses, hence the location; and secondly, the depiction of the size of Kumari Kandam , while the unit of measurement mentioned there has not yet been deciphered yet (Kavatam). Therefore, they arrived on to an irrational map which was unacceptable to the critics.
Let’s consider the possibility of present day India partially being Kumari Kandam.
Skand Puran : Andakosappadalam section:
“There are many worlds, each having several continents, which in turn, have several kingdoms. Paratan, the ruler of one such kingdom, had eight sons and one daughter. He further divided his kingdom into nine parts, and the part ruled by his daughter Kumari came to be known as Kumari Kandam after her. Kumari Kandam is described as the kingdom of the Earth.”
Irayaiyanar Akapporul: Nakkeerar Commentary
The earliest discussion found about Katalkol – Seizure by Ocean
Silappatikaram: Adiyarkunnallar
The lost land mainly consisted of Pandyan Kingdom extended from Pahruli River in the North to Kumari River in the south. It was located to the south of Kanyakumari and covered an area of 700 Kavatam (A unit of measurement, not deciphered), Divide into 49 Natu, further classified into seven parts:
elu tenku natu (seven coconut lands), elu maturai natu (seven mango lands), elu munpalai natu (seven front sandy lands), elu pinpalai natu (seven back sandy lands), elu kunra natu (seven hilly lands), elu kunakarai natu (seven front coastal lands), elu kurumpanai natu (seven dwarf-palm lands)
The first sangam flourished for 4,400 years in a city called Tenmaturai, attended by 549 poets (including Agastya) and presided over by gods like Shiva, Kubera and Murugan. The second sangam lasted for 3,700 years in a city called Kapatapuram, attended by 59 poets (including Agastya, again). The commentary states that both the cities were “seized by the ocean”, resulting in loss of all the works created during the first two sangams. The third sangam was established in Uttara (North) Madurai, where it is said to have lasted for 1,850 years. The Pandyan capital of Kapatapuram finds mention in the Ramayana and Chanakya’s Arthasastra (ca 4th century BCE).
Everything written could be a poet’s impression, but the measurements. Why? Because we do not yet know what was Kavatam. Poets would have used a known metric.
Many years ago, Greater India broke away along with Australia, Antartic from South of Africa and South America. They travelled to where they are today.
Flora Fauna testifies for the same. Very obvious as they come from same place and have evolved separately over the following years with respect to their locations. How is it possible that Languages and Recipes also testify the same?
Greater India hit what would have been a region south west to today’s Tibet, and formed the Himalayas. The Indian Plate went below the European plate. Himalayas are fold-mountains. The upper plate stretched like bed sheet till some 500- 1000 miles further south to Himalayas, Which could be either the gangetic plain or a virtual line dividing present day India – passing through Upper Gujarat, Upper MP, till Mid of Bengal. Assam width of Himalayas is the narrowest and North Width is the broadest, hence the stretch of the after sheet.
The ancient differences between the characteristics of people from both the plates show up as a distant derivative even today.
One scenario could have been that people from the northern part of Greater India migrated to south due to the formation of Himalayas. This could be the root of the South Indian current narrative of the migrating to south (this narrative is otherwise used to testify Aryan Invasion Theory).
Other Scenario could be People from the region which formed Himalayas on both plates moved south and mixed to form present day India. The density distribution of both the races distributed in the proportions as viewed today.
Kumari Kandam is well described by more than 500 poets including 'Agastya'. In various times. One plausible conclusion could be that the most important basis should be the fact that India, Australia and Atlantic broke away from South America and South of Africa at one time. Greater India travelled all the way to central Asia and hit south of what is today Tibet to form the Himalayas. So either Kumari Kandam should be Africa or Present day India itself. The north of the greater India might be under the Himalayas.
Could Agastyas journey south be attributed to India's observation over centuries from the base locus of the journey form south of Africa to Tibet.
Vindya now at a much later stage is declining. But there was a time when it was growing and another time when it grew to its fullest. Then started declining. Could this have happened that the Agastya Vindya story was of such time, and it referred to newly formed Himalayas as Meru, the story says gods knew about Himalayas but Vindya had not till then heard. Can this be attributed to the newness of formation of Himalayas, some knew about it some didn’t. Himalaya replaced Vindya as the Meru (the third Pole)
Agastya in Rigved itself goes to 2Lac years.
Before Himalayas, Vindyas were the tallest mountains. Many astronomical observations are recorded with respect to Vindyas. Incidentally Vindya is also fold mountain and another history could be attribute to this range which could be millions of years before the Himalayas.
Today, Himalayas are called the The Third Pole. Why? Because of the enormous snow it contains? Yes and also because it provides water. Why are the North and South Poles called Poles? Because they are either reference points or frame of references for directions and coordinates in the sky.
Incidentally the mention of lesser known yet huge Meru in the Vindya Agustya does not clarify what does it refer to as Meru.
“Meru” means people of Kenya ( In Bantu Languages)
“Meeru” means Respected, Exceed, Infringe, Overpass in Telegu
Is it possible that these stories are narratives of a long span of period when Himalayas replaced the Vindyas as the most respected?
Mandar Parvat, centric which Samudra manthan was done in order to extract Amrit, has been located in Jamalpur Bhagalpur belt in Bihar.
Mandara Mountains in Central Africa – Cameroon, were formed millions of years ago when a continental plate of basement rock deep beneath the African continent rose up, fragmenting and splitting as it was pushed to the surface. The climate was significantly wetter in those times, so enormous amounts of precipitation formed numerous rivers that rushed through these fractures, carving them deeper and wider, resulting in the range's notably rugged terrain. Volcanic activity also played a role in the formation of the range. Eruptions of lava formed volcanic cones whose vents were eventually plugged with hardening magma. These hardened cores are called volcanic plugs. In the case of the Mandara Mountains, the plugs were much more erosion-resistant than the exterior of the cones, which wore away over time. Eventually, only the plugs remained, forming the stark, needle-like spires such as Kapsiki Peak that the range is known for.
Dravidian Languages Map: Dravidian Languages composite of North DL, Central DL, South Central DL and South DL. The people who speak these languages are spread across the Present day Indian Sub-continent. They range from Baluchistan to Bengal. Does this map depict the part of greater India left after the formation of Himalayas? To be noted is except the major south Indian languages like Tamil, Telegu, Kannada and Malyalam, rest of the languages are now languages spoken by small ethnic groups which can also be called tribes or Adivaasis. There are more 60 such languages currently being spoken across Baluchistan, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Lower MP, Andhra, Maharashtra and whole of south India. Is it possible that the good Old Harrappa and mohenjodaro were the lost part of this Greater India which went under the Europian/Asian stretched sheet during the formation of Himalayas? The 2005-06 excavation headed by D. V. Sharma, ASI found more than a hundred burials (no coffins) and later studies, associated the finding with the Harappan (Indus) civilisation.
Species Trends as defined by modern science: The observed species diversity is affected not only by the number of individuals but also by the heterogeneity of the sample. If individuals are drawn from different environmental conditions (or different habitats), the species diversity of the resulting set can be expected to be higher than if all individuals are drawn from a similar environment. Increasing the area sampled increases observed species diversity both because more individuals get included in the sample and because large areas are environmentally more heterogeneous than small areas.
In the following figure, except the regions extremely affected by polar winds, the tropical zone mangroves study tells a story.
The age of Man: The age of man is said to be a number of years calculated back from the present. People would criticize any theory about any human experience that exceeds that timeline. Modern science would take you to a timeline of the last found human skull. The Jains would take to a few hundred thousand years basis their scriptures. Possibly, other people from otherwise extinct cultures would have taken you to further backwards, had they been alive. There are few points ignored in this way of thinking. Why do we have to refer to latest studies, when we know that every latest study was improvised by the next finding or researcher?
Narmada Man appeared and suddenly expanded the then accepted timeline. Is it possible that there are no more such skulls left across the lands and sea beds to be discovered? If they are not discovered, yet exit, will your timeline hold value?
It takes approx. 300 Mn years to form Bituminous Coal, takes 1 to 3 Bn years to form Diamonds. Diamond may or may not have been coals at some point of time. Point to be noted are both are Pure Carbon under tremendous pressure for longer periods of time. Yet they look so different after 3 Bn years.
General Assumptions: Human's presence on earth is dated by the (a) dating methods based on elements and their characteristics as discovered by men (b) the remains found till now - remains which seem to be of human
Both (a) and (b) could be wrong or incomplete. Also in (b) one has to understand that there might be remains of human which does not seem to be human remains to man yet. So we have to understand that the Narmada man's skull was identified as skull. Here (c) Other skulls which might be older yet not discovered (d) What about the remains which are discovered or visible yet not identified as a human skull or remain - because of the long period lapsed and it transforming into some other totally unidentifiable (with man) element.
What confines the dating years is the limited identification of Human Remains.
One study proposed various movements of earth which caused seasons. Another Study suggests that these movements may be caused by external factors. Many such external factors are unknown.
Example: We know it takes approx. 41000 years for one cycle of Earth’s axial tilt change. What causes this change might be only partially known to man. Also the total time taken by the cycle is not uniformly divided. Which means the time taken by Earth to change its tilt from 22.1 degrees to 24.5 degrees may or may not be equal to the time taken to come back from 24.5 degrees to 22.1 degrees tilt. Hence, at some period it will be a faster more erratic shift, whereas at times it would be a smooth rolling. The effect of the cycle of change of tilt is cycles of say ice ages, warming and floods on earth. However, the effect of the ununiformed motion in the cycle could be seen in unequal timelines from one ice age to the other and further to another. This has two takeaways
One: There are holes in almost all numbers by which we tried to confine a phenomena. Another practical example could be calendars. No matter how many times man tried to perfect it, it still has holes. The reason is although every phenomena is a cycle, the way it appears could be a subset of the bigger cycle, so every larger cycle is a series of spiralling smaller unequal cycles. Hence, it is not possible or wise to attribute numbers to phenomena.
Two: Several times before this, there have been similar geographical situations on earth. Why would humans have not been there?
This takes us to another interesting observation called: Lazarus Taxon
In palaeontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural taxa) is a taxon that disappears for one or more periods from the fossil record, only to appear again later. Likewise in conservation biology and ecology, it can refer to species or populations that were thought to be extinct, and are rediscovered. One scholar wrote that At times of biotic crisis many taxa go extinct, but others only temporarily disappeared from the fossil record, often for intervals measured in millions of years, before reappearing unchanged.
Potential Explanation: After mass extinctions, such as the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the Lazarus effect occurred for many taxa. However, there appears to be no link with the abundance of fossiliferous sites and the proportion of Lazarus taxa, and no missing taxa have been found in potential refuges. Therefore, reappearance of Lazarus taxa probably reflects the rebound after a period of extreme rarity during the aftermath of such extinctions.
One of the major reasons for the proposition of Kumari Kandam being rejected is the absurd maps proposed connecting Australia, India and Horn of Africa. Or the maps of supposedly Sundaland.
It could have been Africa, however there is a huge gap between Africa and in South India (in terms of scholarly work left behind)
There certainly was a loss of land which might have been perpetual or gradual over the period of the long voyage from South of Africa to where India is today. The suddenness that appears in the description of seizure by ocean might be describing something like tsunami which separated them from African mainland. Over many versions there might have been an overall grossness covering the actual observations.
We have to first believe that over 500 poets or scholars across centuries did not actually repeat the same mythical song. There was truth to in it like there is truth in Mahabharat and Ramayan. It could have happened that during the separation from Africa, it was wrote for the first time. Following that they kept attached or close to Australia and then separated. Scholars kept researching and writing all the while. People who came and added in future may been assured by the separation that recently happened. Even today we are on the verge of losing Chennai. Africa is on the verge of losing the horn area. Separation of lands may result in the separated land becoming invisible because of drifting away. It could have happened repeatedly. Every time may me the natives moved northwards from where they were, brought their lifestyle, food, folktales with them. What we inherit today might be a completely different face of the same truth, hence physical identification might not be the right path.
This topic deserves our attention. For if it is true, then South Indians are the oldest kept secret scholars of the present world. Surya Siddhanta is a work of a long time which might have seen a significant part of a greater astronomical cycle if not the full cycle. Unless it was revealed by God, one has to expand the currently accepted human timelines. Surya Siddhanta is not a work of fiction, it is book of observation.
All the points mentioned above are either our observations or questions that arose out of those observations. We do not conclude it here with a statement. We keep it open. However, it should be explored without bias. Anything that confines the mind into brackets of time or process is not science. Science is open armed possibility of not being able to ascertain anything yet observe everything. We would want generations to consider the arguments of both sides. You never know you might be rejecting your ancestors while rejecting an old book of folktales. The major objective of thinking should be seeking the truth, not just rejecting the false. If scholars who rejected this idea had themselves tried finding the truth simultaneously, we would have found more.
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